In the late spring of 1983, when John Updike's reputation as a writer had reached a pinnacle with Rabbit Is Rich(which won all three major book awards and earned him a second Time cover), a journalist named William Ecenbarger wanted to write about the relationship between Updike's fiction and the geography of Berks County, Pennsylvania-what Updike called, with possessive
emphasis, "my home turf."

Although private police investigators and prosecutors have worked hard over the years to crack down on the illegal transfer of confidential corporation information, it has been difficult to ___________ down on industrial espionage and apprehend those responsible.

The President's speech focused mostly on Latin America, and in particular, it aimed at the drug problem in Columbia.

The United States national debt was relatively small 1 until the Second World War, during 2 when it grew 3 from $ 43 billion to $ 259 billion 4 in just five years.

His childhood home was in the remote town of Aracataca, a Wild West sort of place, subject to dry hurricanes, killing droughts, sudden floods, plagues of locusts and "a leaf storm" of fortune hunters, drawn by the so-called banana fever fomented there by the arrival of the United Fruit Company. Aracataca would provide the seeds for the imaginary town of Macondo in One Hundred Years of Solitude, just as Mr. Garcia Marquez's own sprawling family would help inspire the story of the prolific and amazing Buendia clan memorialized with such ardor in that novel. Macondo is a place where the miraculous and the monstrous are equally part of daily life, a place where the boundaries between reality and dreams are blurred. It is, at once, a state of mind, a mythologized version of Latin America and a reimagining of the author's boyhood town through the prism of memory and nostalgia.

On the front pages were large black-and-white photographs of the death and destruction in Guernica.

One sunny morning in 1937, the small village of Guernica in northern Spain was crowded with people enjoying market day. ( A ) Suddenly, something terrible happened. German military planes appeared overhead, dropping bombs on the village below. Many people and animals were instantly injured or killed. The democratically elected government of Spain was fighting in a civil war against a military leader named Francisco Franco. ( B ) It was Franco who had asked Germany to bomb Guernica. At that time, Pablo Picasso, a well-known artist from Spain, was living in Paris. A few days after the attack, Picasso saw the newspapers. ( C ) The sufferings of these people from his country affected Picasso deeply. Picasso became a political activist for Spain during the Spanish Civil War. He decided to create a painting about the bombing of Guernica to exhibit at the World's Fair in Paris that year. ( D ) He knew that many people would come to the fair. He hoped the painting would make visitors think, talk, and be inspired to do something to help Spain.

고지방 음식은 증가하는 비만율의 한 원인이다.

Any parent can tell you that infants find commercials more interesting to watch than actual shows. The reason? Commercials effectively grab children's attention by providing a rapid series of images that make the visual experience unusual. When producing commercials for TV, the content of the commercial is secondary to this well-crafted array of imagery. Each image lasts for at most a few seconds before being replaced by another exciting image to ensure our attention does not wander. This filming technique may well have significant adverse effects on viewers, especially children. Researchers have found that young children who watch TV often are more likely to develop low attention spans that can hinder learning later in life. Commercials may be one of the primary reasons why this happens.

The United States will likely face strategic restraints in the second decade of this century. While short-term defence budget expansion may be possible to meet a crisis, a sustained increase appears out of the question. The military future for the United States, therefore, is one of making do with less. It will not keep pace with the defence expansion of potential competitors. Russia and China almost doubled their military spending over the first decade of the twenty-first century and look set to continue this rate of growth in the second on the back of their buoyant economies. This does not represent a threat to the military supremacy of the US, but its competitors will use their fiscal advantage to disrupt its superiority. Moreover, the pressure for deficit reduction is likely to impact negatively upon defence investment that meets future rather than immediate needs. Therefore, the United States may have to develop a strategy that prioritizes ends and links them to means, somewhat in the manner of Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s rather than one based on assumptions that its economic power can underwrite military expansion as in the 1980s.

Palaeontologists have recently found a fossil, a 100 million-year-old specimen from north-east Brazil, which belongs to the genus Schizodactylus. These are large, carnivorous, cricket-like insects whose feet splay out wildly in different directions. Modern Schizodactylus use their feet like snowshoes, to help them remain stable as they travel over sandy terrain in search of prey. If the new fossil were merely similar to modern splay-footed insects, the find would not be particularly surprising: it simply demonstrates a phenomenon called evolutionary stasis, in which a specific
type of body form hangs around for a long time. What is remarkable about the new find is that it is so similar to modern animals that it can be assigned to an existing genus rather than just to some higher taxonomic group. That is rare indeed. Clearly the body plan of Schizodactylus is not merely good, but optimal, at least for the environment the animal lives in. Alas for Schizodactylus, the sandy deserts it prefers have retreated from north-eastern Brazil and its optimality there has vanished. But its discovery shows better what this part of the world was like 100 million years ago-and also illustrates an important point about evolution that is often forgotten in biologists' understandable focus on the development of novelty. The first rule of natural selection is: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."

Basically, printing is the process of making multiple copies of a document by the use of movable characters or letters. The process was developed independently in China and Europe. Before the invention of printing, multiple copies of a manuscript had to be made by hand, a laborious task that could take many years. Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than formerly could have been produced in a lifetime by hand. Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1456, the printing press made the mass publication and circulation of literature possible. ____________ the presses farmers used to make olive oil, the first printing press used a heavy screw to force a printing block against the paper below. An operator worked a lever to increase and decrease the pressure of the block against the paper. The invention of the printing press, in turn, set off a social revolution that is still in progress. The German printing pioneer Johannes Gutenberg solved the problem of molding movable type. Once developed, printing spread rapidly and began to replace hand-printed texts for a wider audience.

For all professed consumer interest, though, the average home buyer knows little about green building. That's partly because it's a broad concept with several components. The most obvious attribute is _______________. For some buyers, that means investing big money in fancy geothermal or solar technologies but more often it simply means being diligent about using good insulation, efficient appliances, superior windows and designing the house to take advantage of the sun. Green houses also conserve water, often by using specialized plumbing fixtures. For some builders, going green also means limiting waste, sometimes by using "panelized," factory-built walls or recycling wood from older homes. Inside, ______________ often feature sustainable materials, like countertops made from recycled glass.

The fundamental problem with managed health care is the conflict between the goals of high quality and low costs. (A) More specifically, managed care becomes a problem for health care consumers when minimizing costs takes
priority over patient needs and quality health care. Since the emergence of managed care, many issues related to this fundamental problem have come to the attention of consumers, social workers, and policy-makers. (B) The upgrading of personnel qualifications to save money was an immediate concern. (C) In addition, patients were faced with predetermined service cut-off dates. Women giving birth, for example, were given hospital stay limits based on cost considerations. (D) Patients also perceived policies regarding the use of specialists to be arbitrary and not necessarily based on patient need.

A : How's Tom getting on school?

B : Well, his last report wasn't very good actually.

A : Oh, dear. Why not?

B : Because he just won't work. He's only interested in sports, and he just won't put any effort into anything else at all. We've tried everything, but he just doesn't take any notice of anybody.

A : But surely he can't enjoy all that? I mean, it's not very pleasant to be criticized all the time, is it?

B : It doesn't bother Tom. It's __________________.